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We are from Tesl B We was named by Farnafarain Saidatulain Ahmad Farhan Ahmad Farouq Hatim Nabihah We all hope, the visitor can grab something from here AND don't just view and forgot to have some reading... We hope this segment can improve your English language then will increase your comprehension on grammar. That's all from us.. GET SOMETHING FROM NOTHING

12 January 2011

WH - Question

There are eight types of wh-questions,  
which, what, who, whom, whose, when, where and why and to this list we usually add how as they are all used to elicit particular kinds of information. 

Who, what, which and whose can all be used to elicit information about the subject or object of the sentence. 
Whom can only be used to elicit information about the object of the sentence. Although using whom would be grammatically correct, we normally use who instead because it doesn’t sound so formal. 
When which, what, who or whose refers to the subject, the question word comes before the verb without the use of the auxiliary do
Note that! who always refers to people and that before nouns which and what can refer to things or people:
  • Who won the race?
    Barry. Barry won the race.
  • Which train arrived first – the 7.15 from Reading or the 7.30 from Oxford?
    The 7.15 from Reading arrived first.
  • Which trainee received the best-student award?
    The one from India got the first prize.

When the question word is the object of the sentence, we have to use the auxiliary do:

  • So, if Barry won the race, who(m) did he have to beat?
    He had to beat Simon and Pierre. 
  • Which train did Susan catch?
    She caught the 7.15 from Reading

Which or what
When there are only two or three possibilities to choose from, which is normally preferred.
When there are an unlimited number of choices, what is used.
Compare the following:
  • Which biscuits do you want me to buy – milk chocolate or plain chocolate?
    I’d like the milk chocolate ones, please.
  • What kind of work do you do?
    I work as a lawyer for a firm in the city.
Whose
Whose indicates possession, and like which and what, can be used with or without a noun as a question word.
Compare the following:
  • Whose coat is this?
    It’s Joan’s.
  • Whose is that red car across the road?
    It’s the electrician’s.
  • What precautions did you take?
    I made sure I was wearing lots of warm clothes.
  • What did you do then?
    I simply set off through the snow. 

When, Where, Why and How
These question words elicit an adverbial expression and ask for information about time (when), place (where), reason (why) and method or way in which something is done (how).
Compare the following:
  • When will you next be in London?
    The week after next.
  • When are you getting married?
    I'm not sure, next summer or autumn, perhaps.
  • Where are you getting married?
    In an old church near my village
    . It’s such a romantic place.
  • Where does your fiancĂ©e come from?
    She’s from Ecuador.
  • Why didn’t you get married earlier?
    We’ve both been too busy, I guess.
  • How was your holiday?
    Oh, it was great. Just what we needed.
  • How do you like your coffee?
    With just a dash of milk and two sugars.
  • How about some cake to go with it?
    OK, why not?
                               In the simplest form : 
Question WordFunctionExample
whatasking for information about somethingWhat is your name?
asking for repetition or confirmationWhat? I can't hear you.
You did what?
what...forasking for a reason, asking whyWhat did you do that for?
whenasking about timeWhen did he leave?
whereasking in or at what place or positionWhere do they live?
whichasking about choiceWhich colour do you want?
whoasking what or which person or people (subject)Who opened the door?
whomasking what or which person or people (object)Whom did you see?
whoseasking about ownershipWhose are these keys?
Whose turn is it?
whyasking for reason, asking what...forWhy do you say that?
why don'tmaking a suggestionWhy don't I help you?
howasking about mannerHow does this work?


    02 January 2011

    Learning English -- Lesson Fifteen (SLANG)

    Demonstratives




    In this lesson, we will discuss demonstratives of two types: demonstrative adjectives and demonstrative pronouns. The first step in clearly understanding these two topics is to review the differences between "adjectives" and "pronouns."
    adjective
    describes a noun
    pronoun
    takes the place of a noun



    In the following sentences, the words in bold all function as adjectives, since they all describe the noun "book."
    Give me the red book.
    Give me the big book.
    Give me that book.
    Give me this book.
    Notice that adjectives answer the question "Which?" in relation to the nouns that they modify. (Which book? The red book. The big book. That book. This book.)



    In the following sentences, the words in bold all function as pronouns, since they all take the place of a noun.
    Maria is next; give her the ball.
    Juan is here; say hello to him.
    That pencil is yours; this is mine.
    This book is mine; that is yours.
    Notice that pronouns replace a noun. ("her" replaces "Maria" - "him" replaces "Juan" - "this" replaces "pencil" - "that" replaces "book")



    As you have just seen, the words "this" and "that" can function as both adjectives and pronouns.
    This book is mine. (adjective)
    This (one) is mine. (pronoun)
    That book is yours.(adjective)
    That (one) is yours. (pronoun)




    The demonstrative adjectives also have four forms:
     (this book)
     (these books)
    (this pen)
     (these pens)
     (that book)
     (those books)
     (that pen)
     (those pens)
     (that book over there)
     (those books over there)
     (that pen over there)
     (those pens over there)



    Here are the corresponding demonstrative pronouns:
     (this one - masculine)
     (these ones - masculine)
     (this one - feminine)
     (these ones - feminine 
     (that one - masculine)
     (those ones - masculine)
     (that one - feminine)
     (those ones - feminine)
     (that one over there - masc.)
     (those ones over there - masc.)
     (that one over there - fem.)
     (those ones over there - fem.)



    Each demonstrative pronoun also has a neuter form. They do not change for number or gender, and they are used to refer to abstract ideas, or to an unknown object.
     (this matter, this thing)
     (that matter, that thing)
     (that matter/thing over there)